I'm hoping for some pointers to get me on the right path... I am a developer who is unfamiliar with X development, but have a task in mind. I want to create an equivalent under X to the (Windows) XKeymacs app which makes emacs-style key bindings work almost universally, even for CUA-style applications (shift+movement to select, C-x to cut etc.). Ironically, XKeymacs makes XP nicer for those with deep emacs muscle-memory than X11 is. To do this I need to be able to: 1. Map or modify keystrokes depending on an internal state. e.g. if they enter Ctrl+n, then a down-arrow key would result; if the user has set a mark, then arrow-key movement needs a shift modifier added until a copy/cut/quit . 2. know what application is receiving the keystroke so the internal state for that application can be used. It seems that a naive approach with XGrabKeyboard and XNextEvent / XSendEvent won't work because many apps will not accept the events. Would I need to create a tweaked X Keyboard input driver, which monitors which window has focus? How would you approach it? Thanks, James.